How to Write Short Essay - How to Structure Your Project

How to Write Short Essay - How to Structure Your ProjectFor those that have written many essays, you know the difficulty of writing a short essay and finding the appropriate place to begin. One thing you should understand is that all writing is a process, and each process has its own sequence that helps lead the writer through the writing process.The process of how to write a short essay starts with the creation of a plan. A plan is a template or outline that will provide a structure to your entire project. Writing a plan and studying it will give you an idea of how the writing process will go.If you have trouble figuring out where to begin when you are writing your plan, you can always search online for short essay samples. These samples will help you begin the process.There are three stages when you are writing a short essay. These stages are, writing, editing and proofreading. Once you complete these three stages, you should be able to write a good essay without much difficulty.Wh en looking at short essay samples, there are things that are common. The first stage may vary from one person to another. If you are looking at writing samples, you may notice that many essays contain a list of facts about a certain topic.With writing samples, you will see that they usually start with the same information, but it usually goes into different steps that lead up to the topic of the essay. After this, you will see a section that provides information about the essay, and an ending section that provide the summary of the whole article. Both of these sections should be included in your plan.After you have finished all three parts, your essay should be complete. This is where you will need to review the plan and make any changes you may want to make to it.In addition to how to write short essay samples, you will also want to use online editing tools to assist you in your project. After you have completed your project, you can access these tools again and edit your work. Thi s will make your project stronger and make it easy for others to read.

Modern Art Essay

The Post-Industrial Era in which we live in now is described by the remarkable rate being developed of innovation. In sixty years we have figured out how to totally overhaul each part of our lives in a manner by which we permit innovation to do a large portion of the work. In any case innovation will continue developing, and as it advances it will affect parts of society in an unexpected way. The development of innovation has had an extremely negative effect on masterful qualities in the public eye and in style. In his exposition â€Å"The Art of Collecting Lightbulbs,† Kimmelman uncovered attributes and characteristics contained in craftsmanship making. As Richard Restak clarifies in his article â€Å"Attention Deficit: The Brain condition of Our Era,† Technology serves as a partner as well as an interruption from our every day exercises. As an interruption it additionally fills in as a break from people groups day by day schedules, a spot once in the past involved by craftsmanship. Innovation additionally encourages the procedure of basic reasoning and represses inventive creative mind, this ends up being gravely unfavorable to imaginative turn of events. As Technology diverts more individuals it will detract from the little gathering of individuals who are really energetic about craftsmanship. Innovation presently gives a break from reality to the individuals who need it. This specialty was some time ago involved by workmanship. Before Post-Industrial occasions individuals would depend on craftsmanship to discharge their contemplations, regardless of whether it was on a canvas or a sheet of music. Currently it is a lot simpler to sit in front of the TV, play computer games, or peruse the web, than to set up a canvas to paint. The facilitate that innovation carries with it makes our minds languid. As a rule we decided to do those exercises, which require less vitality. This by and large wouldn’t be an issue if the issue was picking the lift over the steps, however when it starts impacting the exercises we decided to do as a side interest, vitality/thought serious exercises, for example, craftsmanship, will endure. As expressed by Restak, â€Å" In our contemporary society speed is the standard applied to nearly everything that we do.†(339) This ends up being genuine when dissected utilizing a statement by David Shenk utilized by Restak. â€Å" We frequently feel life passing by a lot quicker than we wish, as we are conveyed forward from meeting to meeting, call to call, task to task. We have less uninterrupted alone time and we are required to improve our exhibition and yield year after year.†(337) With this sort of weight we are not to fault for needing to take the path of least resistance, however innovation is. As we find in case time for ourselves, we find less time to discharge our, as of now frustrated, imaginative musings as workmanship. Without a doubt, if the dental specialist from Kimmelman’s paper lived in today’s world he would not have half of the time he had in his days to gather lights. That is on the grounds that I took an exceptional arrangement of devotion, and above all, consideration for him to gather more than 75,000 lights (217). Before it influences the time that we really need to lead imaginative exercises, innovation as of now upsets our capacity to think inventively. As Restak cites â€Å"The mess, clamor, and consistent blast of data that encompass us every day add to the boisterous pace of our cutting edge lives, in which it is frequently troublesome just to stay careful in the moment† (336). Being overflowed with symbolism, sound and instant messages, our cerebrum needs to isolate its consideration regarding react to these at the same time. â€Å"Our mind actually changes its association and working to suit the plenitude of incitement constrained on it by the cutting edge world† (Restak 332). So that regardless of whether we do possess energy for craftsmanship our brain is partitioned and not ready to think inventively. Hugh Alfred Hicks imparts a story to Michael Kimmelman in which he was in Paris at a metro station and recognized a tungsten light from the 1920s and took it for his assor tment (Kimmelman 217). It would be considerably more hard for him to recognize a similar light in a metro station in Paris today, as he would be assaulted by pictures, live changing screens with times, and publicizing. His contemplations about his assortment would likely the last musings in his brain. Inventive believing is on a declining winding. With the Internet we don’t need to ponder about anything any longer. A distant memory are where we would need to envision what the Great Wall of China resembles. We no longer need to long for answers with enthusiasm and satisfy a recently cut void in our psyches; all we need to do presently is Google pictures: â€Å"Great Wall of China.† This minute delight (albeit helpful) overpowers our capacity to envision. Our minds are apathetic and following quite a while of in a flash addressing our own inquiries, we become incapable to make pictures in our mind. This ends up being hurtful to making craftsmanship, as the principal element for workmanship maki ng is imagination. Not exclusively is inventive intuition diminishing because of innovation, so is the genuine populace of specialists. Not present day craftsmen (as in visual planners and so forth.) yet old style specialists. Innovation gives us a computer generated experience in which old style workmanship isn't included. In spite of the fact that this is seen by most as the development of workmanship, it is really the death of old style craftsmanship. The wonderment of impressionist or French pragmatist craftsmanship has become an irregularity. In the advanced world we have not time or enough ability to focus to focus on such expound pieces. This is somewhat because of a marvel portrayed by Restak, â€Å"The most far reaching weighty accelerate within recent memory is the surge in pictures the speed at which they hurdle through the world, the speed at which they offer approach to business as usual, the beat at which they move†(339). This apparently endless surge of symbolism detracts from our capacity to sit still and break down one single picture. Since we are acclimated with brisk changes in pictures and visual improvements, we do not have the persistence to acknowledge traditional craftsmanship pieces. A statement utilized by Restak of Blaise Pascal gives a decent representation of why this craftsmanship is on the decay. â€Å"Most of the shades of malice in life emerge from a man’s being not able to sit still in a room†(334). As though we weren’t as of now scatter with all the innovation that we heft around, being stressed over our writings and tweets, our musings are additionally scattered, this permits just for speedy less detailed symbolism to break through to us. Since our minds are lethargic and take the easy way out, most old style types of Art can't fill that specialty. There are not very many individuals left who can really acknowledge 40 moment long Mozart concertos. The radio currently plays 4 moment yearns tunes and really speeds them up with the goal that they are shorter. Restak clarifies that our absence of consideration has really gotten to some degree typical. â€Å"Many character attributes we in the past marked as broken, for example, hyperactivity, lack of caution and simple distractibility, are presently nearly norm†(335). In reality as we know it where these traits are standard there is no space for excessively definite representations or amazing heightening music pieces. Our cerebrums are revamped for moment satisfaction, a delight only sometimes found in old style workmanship. As innovation encourages our general public development to make an all the more profoundly effective less inefficient machine, we can anticipate that comfortable exercises should endure, for the most part craftsmanship. Innovation makes it with the goal that we are in multiple spots without a moment's delay in any case. This makes a split of contemplations in our cerebrums. We attempt however can't, process two assignments without a moment's delay. Our minds are pushed to hop to and fro between at least two unique segments, which handle various pieces of our point of view. While the entirety of this is going on, the last idea in our minds is workmanship. As we dedicate increasingly more time to our contraptions and videogames, we commit less time to making and acknowledging craftsmanship.

Psy 1010 Chapter 1 Ra - 807 Words

Xiaokun Chen Lora Harpster PSY 1010 01.29.2014 As the psychology is a subject of science, experiment is important part of this subject. Before designing an experiment, we have to design an experiment and we need to confirm the dependent variable and independent variable. For each of the following scenarios, identify the independent and the dependent variables and explain your choices. 1. Joan is collecting data on gender differences (male, female) in the ability to empathize. In this case, the independent variable is the gender and the dependent variable is the ability to empathize. Because this study is to find the difference between male and female, then the gender is the independent variable, which will be controlled by†¦show more content†¦In this case, the independent variable is violent or non ­violent cartoon and the dependent variable is the violent behavior. What kind of cartoon will decide the different reflect on violent behavior, so the violent or non ­violent cartoon is the independent variable. 7. A chef wants to see if the quality of bread (e.g., texture and appearance) is increased by using an imported Italian yeast, whenShow MoreRelatedMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagespurposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF DIVISIONS, TITLES, rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 4 5 AND SUBTITLES. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 6 ‘‘Affordable Health Care for America Act’’. VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3962.IH H3962 2 1 2

Emma Lazarus Poem The New Colossus - 740 Words

Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!†. This poem entitled The New Colossus, written by Emma Lazarus. The poem was engraved at the foot of the Statue of Liberty. The immigrants who came to eastern of America would eventually arrived at New York harbor. They would passed through the Statue of Liberty and seen the poem below it. They began their new life with this poem. In recent years, some policies have passed to limit the immigrants. Discrimination is more severe. The new immigrants especially who are not white faced unfair treatments. Some just two or three generations†¦show more content†¦I feel excited to study and live in a such diverse country, communicate with the people from different places. I am interested in different cultures and stories behind the immigrants. Thus, I decided to search more on immigrants. I have viewed plenty of websites about immigrants. Obviously, immigrants is a popular topic for American. An article written by Mark E Andersen caught my eyes, and I think I can talk a little bit more in my essay. The article entitled We are a nation of immigrants. The article intents to persuade American to treat immigrants and refugees kindly. The writer raised his statement in a moving way. Some people left comments and shared their stories and views in the website. They shared where they came from originally. Some of them complained about the immigrants policy of Trump, and his relentless attitude to the immigrants. I read all comments and relevant articles in the website. My heart just feel heavy. I am Chinese. The article reminds me of many Chinese immigrants who do the job white people don’t want to do, and suffered from discriminations. One of my friend immigrated to America with his family when he was a little. Their family came here with nothing, there are only 20 dollars in his mother’s pocket at this time. He lived in his uncle’s house for several years. Over ten people lived in this two floor house. Several years later, he moved out with his family and rent a room. When he is 15, his family earned some moneyShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream In The New Colossus716 Words   |  3 PagesJune 17, 1885. It is a summer New York day, and the statue of liberty has just arrived on American grounds. The lady herself was a gift from the French to the United States as a sign of friendship. However, on the bottom of the statue, there is a plaque with a poem. This poem is known as â€Å"The New Colossus,† By Emma Lazarus. â€Å"The New Colossus† set a foundation for what the United States morals were built on. One might argue if Americans should still abide to this poem. Though it has been roughly 130Read MoreThe New Colossus By Jane Addams Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesobservers to be concerned with how these new arrivals would fit in to American society. Emma Lazarus in â€Å"The New Colossus†, Jane Addams in Twenty Years at Hull House, Walt Whitman in â€Å"Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry†, Theodore Roosevelt in American Ideals, and Thomas Aldrich in â€Å"Unguarded Gates† are just a few names in American Literature who use their work as a medium to voice their opinions on the issue of immigration. Emma Lazarus’s poem, â€Å"The New Colossus†, has become the fundamental expression ofRead MoreThe Bean Trees Literary Analysis1339 Words   |  6 PagesIn the famous poem The New Colossus by Emma Lazarus, America is deemed a land of â€Å"world wide welcome† for those who seek a new place to call home. The Statue of Liberty is established early on in the piece as a symbol of freedom and protection, a statue symbolic of the spirit of America. In the piece, Lazarus refers to immigrants as the â€Å"poor, huddled masses† to whom the United States offers a pair of open â€Å"golden doors.† However, many immigrants today feel far removed from the land of freedom referencedRead MoreAmy Tan Two Kinds Paper1414 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican society. Why does the American Dream influence the Chinese culture? The American dream has a powerful influence on new arrivals in the U.S.A. The burden of these dreams usually falls more heavily upon the shoulders of American born children of immigrants. Often immigrant parents are willing to sacrifice everything including careers, family, and property, to pursue new lives in America. Different cultures view the U.S.A differently. The American dream has a different point of view fromRead MoreThe American Dream704 Words   |  3 Pagessongs, poems, and books. The American dream started out with immigrants coming over to America with the hope of new opportunities and a better life, which America had offered. America offered equal opportunity for everyone and the dream began. Although many Americans dreams differ because of personal experience, the American Dream is getting to the place where you are the happiest. When anyone comes over to America they automatically have the chance to do or achieve something great. In The New ColossusRead MoreThe Statue of Liberty: Meaning of the Statue of Liberty Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pageswoman holding aloft a torch, it stands at the entrance to New York harbor on a 12-acre land known as Bedloe’s or Liberty Island. The Statue of Liberty symbolizes freedom throughout the world, democracy as well as international friendship. As a result, many immigrants’ hearts warmed up as they beheld the symbolic woman welcoming them to the land of numerous opportunities. As such, the poet Emma Lazarus composed the poem The New Colossus. The idea of the statue was born at the home of EdouardRead MoreThe New Colossus By Emma Lazarus955 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Attention: â€Å"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free† (Emma Lazarus). This sentence can be found in the poem â€Å"The New Colossus,† written by Emma Lazarus in 1883. It can also be found inscribed on the Statue of Liberty towering over the New York Harbor, a bright beacon symbolizing the freedom and democracy we hold so esteemed in America. Immigrants founded the United States and immigrants are arguably who made our nation so great. However, when immigrantsRead MoreDoes Immigration Contribute to a Better America Essays770 Words   |  4 Pagesgolden door! American Jewish poet, Emma Lazarus, wrote the sonnet entitled â€Å"The New Colossus† which, today is engraved on a bronze plaque and mounted inside the Statue of Liberty. The message portrayed by Lazarus’s poem is to the millions of immigrants who came to the United States (most through Ellis Island at the port of New York). Although the initial creation of the Statue of Liberty was not one to symbolize immigration, with the help of Lazaruss poem, Miss Liberty became the unofficial greeterRead MoreImmigration Laws Essay examples1213 Words   |  5 Pagesbanned immigrants that were destitute, mentally ill or had a contagious disease. The government also established a 50-cent head tax on each immigrant. Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor... from the Emma Lazarus poem The New Colossus lists as one of the most famous verses in American history. It is ironic that Lazarus wrote it in1882 in celebration of the erection of the Statue of Liberty which has become the iconic symbol of America as a welcoming beacon for a nation of immigrants. The Statue of LibertyRead MoreThe Importance Of Refugee Camps722 Words   |  3 Pagesstateless people.† (UNHCR.org) Undoubtedly, one of the worst refugee crisis’ took place during World War II when over 30 countries and 1.9 billion people worldwide fought against each other. After the war, more than six million refugees fled to seek new homes. Beyond that, myriads of European countries possessed their own complications to concern about, and spared no land to refugees. A large number of European refugees fled to Syria. Moreover, refugee camps are important to today’s society because

The Success Of A Student - 1315 Words

In our school we believe that every student has a story to tell, and it is our job to help them learn to tell it well. We need to pull together as a staff, as a community, and help each student discover his or her voice. Some of our students will become devoted mathematicians or passionate writers; some will blossom into budding young artists or actors and actresses; and music may strike a cord in others and turn them into voices that sing; whatever their passions, whatever their career paths, it is our job - no, our joy - as teachers to help the students in our halls and classrooms to discover, not just knowledge and skills, but to discover themselves. The task is daunting. The stakes are high; but the reward is immeasurable. Through passionate instruction, empowering supervision, and uncluttered communication, our school is up to the challenge, a challenge overcome through the community, the students, the staff, and the supervisors cooperating as one. To discover her voice, a student must leave her home and step into a school environment full of the just-so mix of rigor and flexibility. Students need to feel challenged and guided, but they must also experience a sense of comfort and a freedom so they can create and explore. Such an environment begins with me as a supervisor empowering my teachers to teach creatively, while still holding them accountable to teach responsibly. In our school, teachers know they have the freedom to explore cutting-edge pedagogical methods toShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of A Student Essay1969 Words   |  8 Pagesof, and connection with, my students. I felt that this cycle helped me to foster the gradual independence that the school encourages in its students, as we could then collaborate together on problems and recognise successes. Perhaps most importantly, the interest and focus I was able to show each student made the students feel valued and to be more motivated. The students also seemed to demons trate greater understanding of themselves as learners; for example, the student who was struggling with mathsRead MoreThe Student Success Center Is A Student1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Student Success Center is a student employed tutorial service hosted by Arapahoe Community College. It was founded in an effort to improve student learning in the college. Initially called the Learning Strategy Center, then dubbed Tutorial Services, and now the Student Success Center, the goal has always been the same: support student learning. Debra Goldberg has been the Coordinator of Tutorial Services at ACC since 2000. She holds a Master’s degree in Education and taught English for 25 yearsRead MoreSuccess For Students With Disabilities Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Shana Oakes Engl 111 01 November 2016 Success for Students with Disabilities With all the resources that colleges have to offer, students with disabilities are able to succeed and graduate from college. Now with this in mind, students with disabilities coming from high school to college might have a big adjustment to make. However, with the help of parents, the teachers can also assist the student with making provisions to succeed in college. Students with disabilities need encouragement in orderRead MoreAcademic Success : A Student1251 Words   |  6 Pages5 Academic Success Academic Success Tamara Thornton GEN/201 10/29/2015 Cheryl Jiles Academic Success As a student strive to move forward academic success and excellence, I will outline and discuss four major topics which are essential for any student to realize in order to achieve success in the field. Each topic will be briefly described with further two support points in favor of each underneath. The point is to explain what can propel a student toward realizing educationalRead MoreStudent Success Paper662 Words   |  3 PagesStudent Success Assignment Some people may call Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder a curse; I would actually consider it a gift. Having the disorder has its challenges, and blessings. However, I find that when managed, ADHD can be a genuine asset in my life. The website â€Å"Study Guides and Strategies† provided many useful tips that I hope to use as a tool while learning, or apply in any classroom setting. Using these tricks and tips, the issues that I face while learning will hopefully becomeRead MoreStudent Analysis for Success1024 Words   |  4 PagesIn the primary section of this report, I had been given the responsibility of free of choice. I selected as the student to monitor. In my examination, I had used various methods in order to acquire a detailed analysis of how this particular student operates in her studies, both strategically and practically. I investigated three main aspects, using different observational methods. The variety consists of: Leadership skills, Conflict Management skills, Stress Management and Academic Performance. Read MoreThe Importance Of Student Success2129 Words   |  9 PagesAcademic success has always been on the student and what he or she believes to be right. Some students are more hardworking than others which is why they’re able to achieve their goals. These are the students you see coming after school to get help with homework, constantly asking questions and trying to get the help from others that do understand the material. Many believe that it’s always on the student and the effort they put into their academics that determine their future and the success they deserveRead MoreStudent Success Paper1884 Words   |  8 PagesMy Success Strategy Plan Success Strategy Plan Step 1: Student Success Strategies 1. What three success strategies (from the Student Success Strategies Guide) will you plan on using throughout your degree program to help you be a successful student? My 1st strategies is to schedule times to study and do assignments , The 2nd to attend all the live chat sessions and 3rd to log into the Virtual Campus at least twice a day. 2. Why will these strategies be most beneficial to you? Doing theseRead MoreThe Success Of A College Student898 Words   |  4 Pagesto an institution, but cannot because they do not have the money to do so. The rise in cost to be a college student has become too expensive for a country that encourages, and emphasizes higher education. Tuition and fees, loans, and extra expenses become a big price to pay for wanting to play the proper role in society as a student looking for a better future. Today’s college students have to deal with a huge financial decision at a very young age that leads to frustration and confusion whichRead MoreCollege Student Retention And Success1423 Words   |  6 PagesAmber Caplan 01/28/16 College Student Retention and Success Part 1: Identify the student retention and success initiative The Achieving The Dream Initiative Many institutions face challenges retaining and graduating community college students. Students, faculty, staff, and administrators need work together to find ways to help these students succeed. Through the use of the Achieving the Dream initiative, the organization can help community colleges and their students to stay with their school and

Cardiovascular Review Supplement free essay sample

Although its wall can be divided into three distinct histological layers (endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium), the cardiac muscle of the myocardium composes the bulk of the heart wall. Blood Vessels Blood vessels form a system of conduits through which lifesustaining blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart again. Click slide 3. Generally, the wall of every vessel is described as being composed of three layers, or tunics. The tunica intima, or tunica interna, a simple squamous endothelium and a small amount of subjacent loose connective tissue, is the innermost layer adjacent to the vessel lumen. Smooth muscle and elastin are the predominant constituents of the middle tunica media, and the outermost tunica adventitia, or tunica externa, is a connective tissue layer of variable thickness that provides support and transmits smaller blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. The thickness of each tunic varies widely with location and function of the vessel. We will write a custom essay sample on Cardiovascular Review Supplement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Arteries, subjected to considerable pressure fluctuations, have thicker walls overall, with the tunica media being thicker than the tunica adventitia. Veins, in contrast, are subjected to much lower pressures and have thinner walls overall, with the tunica adventitia often outsizing the tunica media. Because thinwalled veins conduct blood back to the heart against gravity, valves (not present in arteries) also are present at intervals to prevent backflow. In capillaries, where exchange occurs between the blood and tissues, the tunica intima alone composes the vessel wall. The tunica media of the aorta would have a much greater proportion of what type of tissue than a small artery? Elastic fibers In general, which vessel would have a larger lumen, an artery or its corresponding vein? Click slide 1. Contractile cardiac muscle cells (myocytes, myofibers) have the same striated appearance as skeletal muscle, but are branched rather than cylindrical in shape and have one (occasionally two) nucleus (myonucleus) rather than many. The cytoplasmic striations represent the same organization of myofilaments (sarcomeres) and alignment of sarcomeres as in skeletal muscle, and the mechanism of contraction is the same. The intercalated disc, however, is a feature unique to cardiac muscle. The densely stained structure is a complex of intercellular junctions (desmosomes, gap junctions, fasciae adherens) that structurally and functionally link cardiac muscle cells end to end. A second population of cells in the myocardium composes the noncontractile intrinsic conduction system (nodal system). Although cardiac muscle is autorhythmic, meaning it has the ability to contract involuntarily in the absence of extrinsic innervation provided by the nervous system, it is the intrinsic conduction system that prescribes the rate and orderly sequence of contraction. Extrinsic innervation only modulates the inherent activity. Two remnants of fetal structures are observable in the heart—the ligamentum arteriosum and the fossa ovalis. What were they called in the fetal heart, where was each located, and what common purpose did they serve as functioning fetal structures? ligamentum arteriosm- called ducts arterious in fetal heart. located between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch In adults ligament there now. Allows blood to flow from pulmonary trunk to systemic circulation. . Fossa Ovaliscalled foramen ovale in fetal heart, located on right atrium wall and wall of right ventricle. Allowed blood to enter

Ideologies in the Characters of Small Island Essay Example

Ideologies in the Characters of Small Island Essay The  plot  of the great book seller Small Island (2004) is formed  around four  characters: Hortense, Queenie, Gilbert and Bernard. Each  character has a  different  past, identity, ideology, dreams and expectations. But they also have one thing in common: all of them change after the war. Although,  everyone experiments the war in a different way, all felt affected by it. At this point, all that they have experience before or what they believe in seems lost, with no sense (Gilroy, 2004). This war is not the only factor that makes them feel bizarre and strange. The England that all believe to know has also changed, it was not the England in which they believe in, in which they had trust once. In this essay I will compare the ideologies and expectations of all the characters before and after the war, making emphasis in the concept of identity related to other conceots such as’ race’ and ‘social class’. The characters can be easily divided in many different ways. One of them is their marital relations: Queenie is married with Bernard, and Hortense is married with Gilbert. Another division can be made by analyzing their origins. The first couple is from Jamaica while the second one is English. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideologies in the Characters of Small Island specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ideologies in the Characters of Small Island specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ideologies in the Characters of Small Island specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The third division could be separating them by their colour of skin: Queenie and Bernard are white and Gilbert and Hortense are black. Race is an important topic in the whole book and is expressed in the way of ‘color of skin’ (Cinkova, 2010). The colour of skin of the characters makes them ‘better’ or ‘worse’ in the atmosphere of the book. Britain and its ally France was beating against the fascist Germany. How can be possible then that Britain’s attitudes was racist? Why Britain makes differences between the race white and black and at the same time tried to suffocate the fire of fascism? The reason is simple, Great Britain was not used to the ‘aliens’ or ‘strangers’ before the war. Their imperialistic ideology could not see the pain and suffering that their colonies were living. For the British all the colonies were the same: colonies. They didn’t believe that ,in a way, their identities were linked. Here we find a double reality: the reality of the colonies and that one of the British. For the British, their superiority was evident because they had a ‘Great Empire’ formed by many colonies who had bowed their heads to Great Britain’s power. These colonies were not just weak, but also inferior. This inferiority is the same that the fascism was trying to end up with. Jews and black were persecuted by Germans while in England black were repudiated and treated as ‘foreigners’ and ‘inferior’. The ‘Emperialistic ideas’ were strongly based in the term of ‘nation’. The definition of Anderson of nation as ‘imagined political community’ helps to understand the situation in England. England lived a dream after the industrialization and her expansion in the other continents These two factors made England the first potency of the World. English people were very proud of their achievements and their ‘superiority’. However, all this disappear after the World War II, when England lost its position as a first potency to give way to the United States. Before the war, the Imperialistic ideals dominated in Great Britain while the reality of the colonies was quite the opposite. The colonized loved the ‘mother country’ and had expectations on her. Their dream was come to her one day and being welcome by her. Even if they ancestors had been colonized some time ago, the mother country had done lots of things for them. In the book this double reality is represented by the two couples. Bernard and Queenie represent the Emperialistic ideas while Hortense and Gilbert embody the colonies’ naive ideology before the World War II. However the reality changes after the war for all the characters. The ideology of a ‘Great Empire’ disappears because, even if Great Britain had won the war, England was not the same that they remembered, its prestige had vanished: the people from the colonies were migrating in mass to England; the whiteness was finished to give a way to ‘multiculturalism’ (Gilroy). In addition, Great Britain had lost its place at the first potent of the world to give way to the United States of America, which had been its colony once. The ideology of a welcoming ‘mother country’ had also finished and the reality after the war was not so beautiful and hopeful for the colonized. Their dreams disappeared and were replaced by a desperate desire being integrated and not repudiated. So, the situation in England was not easy for any of the characters and it supposed a psychological and an identity change for all of them. Hortense, the Jamaican woman of the novel, has been grown up in Jamaica by his uncle, who had a very good status in the country. We can appreciate in her words that she’s very proud of living with him even if she wouldn’t see her mother again. In addition, her father is for her an idol, someone who deserved her admiration but no words of admiration go out from her mouth when she talks about her poor mother. This is the first time when Hortense shows us how important money and social class is for her. Her education, in a school of ‘ladies’ with ‘white gloves’ and ‘hats’, also influence in the construction of her identity. She then becomes a presuntuous girl, with high expectations. The first time we see she has great expectations when she talks about her colour of her skin: ‘My complexion was as light as his, the colour of warm honey [†¦] With such a countenance, there was a chance of a golden life for I’. As we can appreciate, she links her future social status with her color of skin so, in a way she’s aware of the world in which she is living, not necessarily of the fascism in Europe or the nationalism in contries such as England, but maybe she has observate this distinctions of ‘more black’ or ‘less black’ in her own country. The experience of the war does not affect her in a direct way. However, it seems that Levy wanted to assure that all the characters suffered the experience of war. If it wasn’t that the case, Hortense could be the only one that was not affected by it because she was in Jamaica and didn’t come to England until the war was finished. Nevertheless, her companion of childhood, her cousin, who she profoundly admires, goes to the war and disappears of the map. One officer tells the family to think of him as dead and this breaks her heart and her expectations of a future with him. However, a Michael appears in the novel later on, and is the father of the new child of Queenie. If this Michael is the same that grows up with Hortense is impossible to know, as Levy does not clear it up. In a way, Hortense is a product of the environment in which she grows up. She comes to her conclusions by seing her environment and deducting it. Her identity is immovable and with a very fixed bases. Until the end of the book she doesn’t give a opportunity to Gilbert, her husband. Her prejudices carry on during the whole book, but at the end they give pass to some kind of humanity and acceptance. She discovers that a man of low class as Gilbert is as deserving of respect as those ‘ladies’ in her school. At the same time, she discovers that high class people, as Queenie and Bernard, can be as pathetic as any low class person. So, social class is not important anymore for her, she is a new Hortense. Gilbert, the character of the novel with a golden tooth, is almost the opposite of Hortense. He’s from a low social class, but he is full of moral values. He is aware of the situation in Jamaica and wants to change it. The first time he sees Hortense, he is attending a local discourse of the nonconformists of Jamaica. He feels attracted by her and at the same time he knows that she is not from his social class, and therefore she is unprotected in the atmosphere of rebellion. Gilbert, is not a person with prejudices and gives opportunities to everybody. He dreams of England and wants to help the ‘mother country’ when she’s in trouble. So, he decides to take part of the RAF in the war. He, had great expectations and thought that he would be welcome and thanked for helping England in the war. However, the reality falls on him. Black people were ignored and bad treated in the army. Curiously, it is his color of skin which helps him in the war because nobody thought him to be a danger. It is in the war when he first felt disenchanted with England. After the war, his identity and perceptions starts to change. The Jamaica in which he’s grown up seems ‘small’ to him. The title of the book ‘Small island’ refers to the perception of the characters about her countries after the war. What they once thought ‘big’ seems smaller for them. Consequently, Gilbert, with no family to retain him, dreams of spreading, new things, new opportunities, developing, and England is the country who could fill his new necessities. His marriage with Hortense is the passage for both to England. She’d lent him money in order that he looks for a job in England for bringing her too. Once again in England, Gilbert starts to appreciate the rush after-war experience in England. Looking for a job and a house is very difficult even for a white man. He has no money and ,in addition, he is ‘black’. These two factors, linked very closely could have meant his end in the ‘melancholia’ (Gilroy, 2004) of the post-war England. British people had a discriminating attitude towards black people, whose slogan had become: No blacks, no Irish, no dogs,without considering that many of them have fought in the war. Gilbert, seing the British racist attitudes, takes the decision of adapting himself and takes the position of ‘passive resistance’. He’s forced to change his identity as a rebel and determinate man to survive in this racist atmosphere. Surviving is more important than defend the true and important causes such as ’equality’ or ‘respect’. This character is an example of inte rnal force, such as ‘Bartleby’ in the Herman’s Melville novel. Both characters ‘prefer not to’ say anything instead of reacting against the social environment in which they’re living, as they think they would lose the only chances of achieve better things that they have. Bernard is presented as a pathetic character at the beginning of the book. Through the words of Queenie we laugh at him. Bernard is not only unattractive and unexciting, as she reveals that her sexual relations with him are banal and not pleasant, but he’s also a coward. So, we know how the identity of Bernard is through the words of her wife. When the war starts, the first thought of the man is to stay in refuge to be protecting of bombing. But, suddenly, he seems to be full of pride and braveness and he joins the RAF. His experiences of war are the first narrations in first person of this character. We can know through his passages, that he’s a conservative character, who defends the Empire ideology and values. Curiously, he is sent to India, a colony of the Empire at that time. However, the situation in India awakes in him a sense of survival, as we have seen in Gilbert. The difference is that Gilbert, who belonged to a low class, was less reticent and has less ‘ego’ in words of survival. Bernard has not the spirit of rebellion that Gilbert has either. He thinks that rebellion in the colonies is not accurate, as he considers them inferior and unable to govern themselves. One irony of the book is when Bernard crosses an Indian who tells him that England has made a lot for them and confirms Bernard that the colonies are not able to be governed and ruled by themselves. In this passage we know that Bernard has acquired the Imperialistic values and at the same time that the Indian is naive and is not aware of the cruelty of the British in the colonies. However, the passage can also be interpreted as an humoristic one, who would show that the Indian is laughing at Bernard’s ideology and blindness of the reality of the colonies. In this interpretation, the Indian, reminds us of Gilbert, the character who uses humor to forget about the reality. After an incident with a prostitute, the cowardice invades Bernard again. He becomes paranoids when he thinks he’s got an incurable illness. However, after realising that it was not an illness, he comes back to England. The England he sees is different from the one he remembered. The national identity was suffering a perennial crisis (Gilroy, 2004). People from the colonies are everywhere, even in his house. In addition, her wife seems to have changed, she gets on well with the blacks. At first he is not able to say anything, traumatised by all he has gone through before arriving to England. However, when he talks at the end of the book, we see a different Bernard. This new Bernard does not matter about races or social classes anymore, this Bernard looks passing hrough the difficulties as better as possible. In a way, we can say that Bernard matures and faces the problems that he and her wife have. He is predisposed to accept the child and try to start a new life with the baby. He takes this decision even if he knows that they would be critisized by her neighbours. But the events change and Queenie implores Hortense and G ilbert to take the baby with them. Although we could not say that Bernard becames tolerant with black people, he matures and a kind of ‘acceptance’ of the reality starts to grow up in him. Gilroy’s ‘melancholia’ invades this character as he remembers how was England before and what it’s become. Queenie, whose real name is Victoria, as the other three characters suffers a methamorphosis. Her change, however, is more complicated to explain. Since she was young she felt interested by the whole Empire, as the passage in the festival of the Empire shows. She wants to know more about the colonies, about the people that live there. However, the people around her during her childhood and later his husband, Bernar, influence her way of thinking. She belongs to a middle-high class who is full of prejudices agains the people from the colonies. In a way she takes part of the Empirialistic ideology. However, she is more open-minded than the most of people of her social class. She is a caritative and empathic character, that can see far away from the Imperialistic ideology. During the war, she helps the people that have lost their belongings and their homes. However, this act of kindness could also be seen as a way to feel useless as her life seems not very exciting: having unpleasant sexual relations with her wife and expecting more of life than being married with him. During the war, she feels the necessity of renting the chambers of her house to black people. Nevertheless, her attitude towards them is not mean. The first black man she sees near is Michael, who becomes essential in Queenie’s transition. She, who always felt curiosity for black people, goes furhter when she has sexual relations with this black man. The sensations that she thought asleep, awake in her. Passion and desire invade her for the first time. These desires take form of a baby that she is very proud of. However, it is not until the end of the book that we know that she is pregnant, as she hides it to everyone. Surprisingly, when she gives birth to the baby she makes the decision of not wanting to look after him. To the wonder of all, she begs Hortense and Gilbert to take care of the baby, standing in her knees. On the one hand, Queenie becomes a realistic person that knows very well the problems that she will have to face if she and her husband take care of the baby. On the other hand, she could be considered a coward because she didn’t even want to face her problem and wants others to solve it. Another interpretation could be that Queenie regrets the infidelity to her husband. Queenie is a double face character. Two Queenies are represented in the book: the Queenie that loves black people and the Queenie that feels ashamed of her relationship with them. These two Queenies complement each other, one cannot be without the other. The racist Queenie is a product of her chilhood and family and the tolerant But, what are the reasons of Queenie ‘the tolerant’? An absent husband thought lost? A necessity of coexisting with black people for money? Or, a real change in Queenie’s mind? Does Queenie really realize that she and her society is racist? Does she wants to be different from all of them? We would feel inclinated to think that until she is by her own during the war she is not able or free to think by herself. Before the war, Queenie had always been oppressed, firstly, by her parents, later, by her aunt and ,finally, by her husband. When she has sex with Michael she feels free, new, the new Queenie has awakened. A Queenie that wants to feel free and want everybody to feel the same way. We could think that she helps the black people because they remind her of herselve before knowing Michael. Moreover, the return of her husband would mean for Queenie that her freedom would disappear. When she gives birth the baby, the new Queenie feels happy but the old one presses her to give the baby, reminding her the reality that she lives and has always lived: ‘England is not a tolerant country’. Consequently, the new Queenie comes back to her prison to never come back. Conclusion The four characters of Small Island have a marked and different identity. Each identity is a product of their experiences in the past. However, all the characters suffer a methamorphosis or a change. Their identity is in all of the cases forced to be changed because the circumstances have changed. In addition, according to Usha Mahadevan (2010) ‘the shocks of circumstance force the protagonists to face reality’. A new period starts in the lives of the characters, all of them start from zero. The most important thing is not the social class or the race anymore. The most essential thing is to survive and to be happy. All the characters are at the same level at the end of the book, the high class characters deserve the same consideration than the low class ones, as the important thing is to be brave morally and struggle until the end to achieve their goals. Andrea Levy has achieve to show all these values in a more than satisfactory way: four voices that converge, and four lives’ characters that converge in the same objective: to live. References Anderson, B. Imagined Communities, (1983) Cinkova, L. West Indian Experience in Britain in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: Bittersweet Homecoming, (2010) Gilroy, P. After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture? Abingdon: 2004 Mahadevan, U. England of Andrea Levy’s Small Island: Dreams and Realities, (2010)